Malunga nemeko kunye nophuhliso lweinqwaba yokutshajaishishini.Isibongozo sobuchule selizwe kushishino lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha sicace gca, kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshaja iimfumba ezixhasa izithuthi zamandla amatsha nawo uqine kakhulu.Izikhululo zokutshintsha, izikhululo zeeteksi ezitshajayo nezitshintshisayo ezingama-2,500, izikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-2,450 zogutyulo lwelindle nolungiselelo kunye nezinye izithuthi ezikhethekileyo;kwiindawo zokuhlala, ngaphezulu kwe-2.8 yezigidi zeemfumba zokutshaja ezijoliswe kubasebenzisi ezithile ziye zakhiwa, ukukhuthaza amaziko afanelekileyo ukuba avulelwe uluntu;kumaziko oluntu, Ngaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi zeemfumba zokutshaja ezijoliswe kubasebenzisi ezithile ziye zakhiwe kwiindawo zokupaka zangaphakathi zamashishini, amaziko oluntu, izakhiwo zeeofisi kunye neepaki zemizi-mveliso.
1. Iinjongo zokwakha kunye nokubiza iindleko zemfumba
Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lemfumba eqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-5,000 kunye ne-20,000 ye-yuan, kwaye ixabiso lemfumba ekhawulezayo yokutshaja ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeeyuan.Phakathi kweemfumba zokutshaja ezizizigidi ezi-5, kukho izigidi ezi-4.5 zeemfumba zokutshaja kancinci, ngexabiso elinye eliphakathi kwe-10,000.Kwimarike ye-50 yeebhiliyoni, kukho i-500,000 yeemfumba ezikhawulezayo zokutshaja, kunye nexabiso elilodwa eliqhelekileyo elingaphezu kwe-100,000, imarike ye-50 yezigidigidi.Oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka emihlanu ukusukela ngoku ukuya ku-2020, kuya kubakho imfuno yentengiso engaphezulu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni zokuhlawula izixhobo zemfumba kuphela.Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kunye nexabiso elifunyenweyo, umthamo wentengiso wethiyori ngamakhulu eebhiliyoni.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimarike yangoku, abavelisi bezixhobo zexesha elifutshane bafaneleke ngakumbi ukuqwalaselwa, kwaye akukho mzekelo ocacileyo wenzuzo yokusebenza.Nangona kunjalo, imarike yezixhobo inendawo ye-yuan ye-100 yebhiliyoni, eyidatha ethile.
2. Inzululwazi edumileyo yokutshaja iimfumba
Yintoni nainqwaba yokutshaja
Imfumba yokuhlawula, umsebenzi wayo ufana ne-fuel dispenser kwisikhululo segesi, inokulungiswa emhlabeni okanye eludongeni, kwaye ifakwe kwizakhiwo zikawonkewonke (izakhiwo zikawonkewonke, iindawo zokuthenga, iindawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke, njl.) kunye neendawo zokuhlala zokupaka okanye izikhululo zokutshaja.Amabanga ahlawula iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zombane.Iimfumba zokutshaja zingahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
① Ngokwendlela yofakelo, inokwahlulwa ibe: imfumba yokutshaja ebekwe emgangathweni kunye nemfumba yokutshaja exhonywe eludongeni.Iimfumba zokutshaja ezifakwe phantsi zifanelekile ukufakwa kwiindawo zokupaka ezingasondeli eludongeni;iimfumba zokutshaja ezifakwe eludongeni zifanelekile ukufakwa kwiindawo zokupaka ezikufutshane neendonga.
② Ngokwendawo yokufakela, inokwahlulwa ibe: iipali zokutshaja zoluntu kunye neepali ezikhethekileyo zokutshaja.Iimfumba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ziimfumba zokutshaja ezakhiwe kwiindawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke (iigaraji) zidityaniswe neendawo zokupaka ukuze kubonelelwe ngeenkonzo zokuhlawulisa uluntu kwizithuthi zentlalo;iimfumba zokutshaja ezizinikeleyo ziindawo zokupaka ezizimeleyo (iigaraji) zeeyunithi zokwakha (amashishini), ezingaphakathi kwiyunithi (ishishini).Iimfumba zokutshaja ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi, kunye neengqumba zokutshaja ezakhiwe kwiindawo zokupaka zomntu (iigaraji) ukubonelela ngentlawulo kubasebenzisi babucala.Iimfumba zokutshaja zidla ngokwakhiwa ngokubambisana neendawo zokupaka kwiindawo zokupaka (iigaraji).
③ Ngokwenani lamazibuko okutshaja, inokwahlulwa ibe: intlawulo enye kunye nentlawulo enye.
④ Ngokwendlela yokutshaja, inokwahlulwa ibe: inqwaba yokutshaja kwe-DC, imfumba yokutshaja ye-AC kunye ne-AC-DC edibeneyo yokutshaja.
⑤ Ngokwesantya sokutshaja, sinokuhlulwa sibe: ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo (ukutshaja okucothayo) kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza (ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza).Ixesha lokutshaja liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwibhetri yesithuthi, ubushushu be-ambient, njl. Ukutshaja okucothayo ngokuqhelekileyo kugcwele kwiiyure ze-5-10, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunokuhlawuliswa kwi-80% kwimizuzu ye-20-30, kwaye ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo kwiyure ye-1.
Uluhlu lwemizi-mveliso yeemfumba zokutshaja luhlulwe ikakhulu: abavelisi bezixhobo kunye nabaqhubi abahlawulisayo.
Isixhobo semfumba sokutshaja ngokwaso asinalo umxholo wobugcisa ophakamileyo, umgangatho umanyene, ukuhambelana kakuhle, umgangatho uzinzile, kwaye ukwakhiwa kunokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo.Umahluko okhuphisanayo ubonakaliswa ikakhulu kuzinzo lwezixhobo eziveliswayo, ulawulo lweendleko, isidima sophawu kunye nobuchule bokubhida.
Umsebenzi wokutshaja unxulumene nemiba emininzi.Iimodeli ezisisiseko zenzuzo yokusebenza kokutshaja zezi: umrhumo wenkonzo, umahluko wexabiso lombane, iinkonzo ezongezelelekileyo, kunye nenkxaso-mali karhulumente ezayo.Njengeshishini elikhulayo, likwabandakanyeka kushishino lwamandla olulawulwa ngurhulumente.Umrhumo wenkonzo kunye nexabiso lombane likhokelwa ngurhulumente, kwaye akukho xabiso lasimahla.Akukho nani lithile lenkxaso-mali.Indawo yeenkonzo ezongeziweyo kunye nokwandiswa kwamashishini ahlukeneyo kusajongwa.Ke ngoko, nangona inani elikhulu leemfumba zokutshaja zakhiwa ngokukhawuleza, ishishini lokutshaja ngokwalo ligcwele ukungaqiniseki okwahlukeneyo.
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezine zokwakha kunye nokusebenza: okukhokelwa ngurhulumente, ukukhokelwa ngamashishini, imo exubileyo, kunye nemowudi yokuxhasa abantu abaninzi.
① Ikhokelwa ngurhulumente: ityalwe kwaye iqhutywa ngurhulumente.Inzuzo kukuba ukunyuswa kunamandla, kwaye ukungonakali kukuba uxinzelelo lwezemali lukhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi, kwaye akufanelekanga ukuthengiswa.
② Ishishini elikhokelwayo: Ityalwe kwaye iqhutywa lishishini, kwaye ihambelana nentengiso yezithuthi zombane kunye nokuveliswa kweemfumba zokutshaja.Inzuzo yeyokuba ukusebenza kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo luphezulu, kwaye ukusilela kukungabikho kolawulo olumanyeneyo, olunokuthi lukhokelele kukhuphiswano olungacwangciswanga.
③ Imo yeHybrid: Urhulumente uthatha inxaxheba kwinkxaso, kwaye ishishini linoxanduva lokwakha.Inzuzo yeyokuba urhulumente kunye namashishini banokuncedisana kwaye bakhuthaze uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ngokukhawuleza, kodwa into engalunganga kukuba ichatshazelwa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo.
④ Imo yeCrowdfunding: Ithatha inxaxheba ngokudibeneyo ngokudityaniswa kukarhulumente, amashishini, uluntu kunye neminye imikhosi.Inzuzo kukuba inokuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zentlalo, ukulungelelanisa kwimarike, kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwiimfuno zabasebenzisi.Ububi kukuba kunzima ukuhlanganisa umdla wawo onke amaqela, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo semigaqo-nkqubo.
Kulula ukufumanisa ukuba ishishini leemfumba ezitshajayo ngoku lichatshazelwa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe.Umoya kunye namaxwebhu kwinqanaba likazwelonke acacile, kodwa asinako ngokwenene ukwenza uhlalutyo lobungakanani kunye nezigwebo phambi kokuqaliswa kwemigaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo wendawo.
3. Ikamva lokutshaja iimfumba
Ikamva lokutshaja iimfumba liqhakazile, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elithile ukudibanisa nokuhlamba isanti.Kwi-2016, izithuthi zamandla amatsha ziya kuqhubeka zikhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukonyuka kakhulu kwesitokhwe sezithuthi zombane yindlela ecacileyo elungileyo.Imfuno yemarike iya kwanda, imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali iya kwanda, kwaye umdla wamashishini nawo uya kunyuka.Indlela yokwenza utyalo-mali ngokufanelekileyo ifuna isikhokelo sikarhulumente, ukulawulwa koshishino, kunye nophuhliso olufanayo lokunyuka nokwehla kolu shishino ukukhuthaza ngokudibeneyo kunye nokuphonononga imifuziselo emitsha nesebenzayo ngakumbi zoshishino.Indawo enokubakho yentelekelelo yile:
1. Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo kwixabiso
Kubandakanya intengiso yemfumba, intsebenziswano kunye neendawo zokupaka iivenkile zokuthenga, njengesixhobo esixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwabathengi.
2. Ukutshaja imfumba ye-Intanethi+
Ixesha loshishino lweemfumba ezitshajayo lifikile.Imfumba yokutshaja ayiqhagamshelwanga kwisithuthi samandla esitsha.Isenokuba ngumjelo wokwenza imali ngamandla, isango lokungeniswa kwedatha yedatha yamandla, okanye isango lokungena kwi-data portal.Ngentsikelelo ye-Intanethi, imfumba yokutshaja ayiseyiyo nje imfumba, kodwa i-interface egcwele amathuba angapheliyo, anokusebenzisana nerenti yokwabelana ngexesha leemoto zombane, iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo zexabiso leevenkile zombane ze-4S, intlawulo ye-elektroniki. , idatha enkulu, njl njl. I-Intanethi yeZithuthi nayo iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwe-intanethi.Kakade ke, isiseko kukuba nesikali esaneleyo.Yintoni eyenziwa ngu-Trid ngoku kukwandisa isikali sayo ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokwakha ubukhosi bezoshishino ngokusekelwe kuthungelwano lwemfumba yokutshaja.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-30-2022